Indications and Applicability of Pelvic Musculature Training in the Postpartum Period: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24859/SaberDigital.2025v18n1.1642Keywords:
postpartum period, pelvic floor, pelvic floor disordersAbstract
Introduction: The pelvic floor plays a crucial role during pregnancy, being responsible for supporting the uterus and potentially becoming stretched or torn during the passage through the birth canal. Approximately 50% of postpartum women lose some functionality of their pelvic muscles, and dysfunctions in this area can result in conditions such as urinary and anal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and sexual disorders. Currently, strengthening the pelvic floor muscles is the primary therapeutic approach, especially under the guidance of a pelvic floor rehabilitation specialist. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the main indications and the impact of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on the possible and expected postpartum consequences. Materials and methods: A search for previous studies was conducted in the PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases, resulting in a total of 17 remaining scientific articles. Included were publications from the past five years (2018–2023), controlled clinical trials, and full-text articles. Excluded were paid articles, literature reviews, studies unrelated to the topic, and duplicates across databases. Results and discussion: The findings revealed that PFMT shows favorable results for childbirth-related outcomes, particularly incontinence and prolapse. Factors such as exercise frequency, pregnant women's awareness of their condition, early initiation, and appropriate professional supervision were found to be critical for treatment success. Secondary positive outcomes were also observed, such as improvements in lumbopelvic pain, which is common among postpartum women. Conclusion: It is essential for healthcare professionals to properly educate pregnant women about the potential consequences of pregnancy and the importance of PFMT in mitigating and rehabilitating the damage that may result.
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